论行政诉讼原告与被告资格制度的完善--兼谈我国《行政诉讼法》的修改

摘要

我国目前对行政诉讼原告资格的认定采用的是“合法权益”和“主观主义”的标准，对行政诉讼被告资格的认定采用的是“行政主体”、“行政行为”、“责任主体”三合一的标准，这些标准在行政诉讼法实施的初期对当事人的认定起了重要作用，但是随着时代的发展变迁，已经越来越不适用行政诉讼发展的要求，成为行政诉讼起诉难的重要原因之一。有必要拓宽行政诉讼原告资格的范围，将“法律上的利害关系标准”转变为“法律上的利益标准”，把公益行政诉讼原告资格纳入行政诉讼，规定“谁行为，谁被告”的原则，实行经复议的案件，复议机关是被告的原则，对我国的行政诉讼原告与被告资格制度进行完善。%China ’s current identification of plaintiff qualification in administrative litigation is the “rights”and“subjectivism”standard,the identification of the defendant qualification in the administrative litigation is the “administrative subject”,“administrative act”,“responsibility subject”three in one standard,these standards play an important role for the identification of party’qualification in the early implementation of the administrative litigation law,but with the development of the society,it has been not suitable for the requirements of the development of administrative litigation,and it become one of the important reasons of administrative prosecution difficult.It is necessary to broaden the scope of plaintiff qualification in administrative litigation,and change “the legal interest standard”to “the interests of legal standard”,and put the plaintiff qualification of administrative public interest litigation in administrative procedure,and set the“who acts,who accused”principle,implement the system that if the case reconsidered,the reconsideration organ shall be the defendant.we expect to improve the plaintiff and the defendant qualifications system in administrative litigation of China.