马克思恩格斯的道德实践观

摘要

Marx and Engels make morality base on the real life,and make it turn from “ought”to “be”.First,morality is social ideology formed in people’s life,therefore,the moral is rooted in life and practice.Second,Marx and Engels apply moral principles in the social practice.Their moral principle is the humanitarianism,and that they criticize the capitalist private ownership and alienated labor show it.They also think that humanitarianism is fully embodied in the communist society. Finally,Marx and Engels think that freedom is the primary moral value.In the communist society,the freedom can truly come true.When they construct free community,and also construct the the moral conception of freedom and self-determination. Thus,morality finally can be realized in social practice.%马克思恩格斯使道德立足于现实生活领域，从应然变成实然。首先，他们认为道德是人们在实践生活中形成的社会意识形态，因此，道德根源于生活，来源于实践。其次，马克思恩格斯把道德原则应用在社会实践中。他们所持有的道德原则是人道主义，这表现在他们对资本主义私有制和异化劳动的批判中。他们也认为人道主义道德原则将在共产主义社会中得到充分体现。最后，在马克思恩格斯那里自由是首要的道德价值。在共产主义社会中，自由才能真正被实现。他们在建构自由人的联合体这一社会形态时，也建构了自我决定的自由的道德观。因此，道德最终在社会实践中才能被实现。