“见V之”被动式“之”的语用功能和构式来源

摘要

Although the pronoun object word “zhi(之)” in passive sentence “jian(见) V zhi(之)” shows the characteristics of redundancy in both syntactic structure and semantic relation, the word has the function of double-reference to emphasize the patient subject in pragmatics. The use of the word not only makes up the defect of its indeterminacy existing in “agent-patient” relations, but also satisfies the needs of regulating the sentences and balancing the syntactic structures. The unmarked passive form in ancient Chinese accusative subject sentences, the pronoun word “zhi(之)” behind the verb has the characteristics of redundancy and the pragmatic function of double-reference to emphasize the object. And this can be found earlier than “jian(见) Vzhi(之)” passive sentences. In this sense, we can know the origin of the passive sentence “jian(见) V zhi(之)”.%“见”字被动式中代词宾语“之”虽然在句法结构和语义关系上均表现为羡余成分，但在语用方面却具有复指强调受事主语的作用。这一用法不仅弥补了“见”字被动式施受关系不易确定的缺陷，而且满足了规整句式和平衡句法结构的需要。在上古汉语无标记被动式的受事主语句中，动词之后的代词“之”同样具有羡余成分的特点和复指强调受事者的语用功能，且用例早于“见”字被动式，由此可以窥见“见V之”被动式的源头。