以棉秆生物质为原料,通过自制的真空热解装置对其进行制取生物油的实验研究.考察了保温时间、热解温度以及升温速率等工艺参数对产物产率的影响,着重研究了生物油产率随工艺参数的变化规律.结果表明:保温时间为60 min、热解温度为550℃、升温速率为50℃/min的参数条件,对棉秆生物质真空热解制备生物油比较有利,生物油产率达43％以上.采用FT-IR、GC-MS技术对棉秆生物油进行分析,发现棉秆生物油是一种复杂的有机混合物,含有醛、酮、羧酸、酯、醇、苯酚类物质、呋喃类物质以及糖类化合物等,其中酚类物质相对含量为23.86％,呋喃类物质相对含量为10.97％.研究了固相副产物的吸附性能,其亚甲基蓝吸附值和碘吸附值分别为84.04,420.00 mg/g,是制备活性炭的优良原材料.%Using cotton stalk biomass as raw materials, the experiments of biomass vacuum pyrolysis to prepare bio-oil were carried out with the home-made vacuum pyrolysis device. The effects of pyrolysis operation parameters such as holding time of final pyrolysis temperature, pyrolysis temperature and heating rate on pyrolysis behavior of cotton stalk biomass, especially on the yield of bio-oil were investigated. The results show that under the conditions of holding time of the final pyrolysis temperature for 60 min, final pyrolysis temperature set at 550 ℃ and heating rate 50℃ /min, the maximum yield of bio-oil reached up to 43%. The compositions of the cotton stalk bio-oil were analyzed by FT-IR and GC-MS. It was proved that the prepared cotton stalk bio-oil is a complex oxygen-containing organic compounds, including aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, alcohols, phenol and its derivatives, furan and its derivatives, carbohydrates, etc., the relative content of phenols was 23.86% and furan substances was 10.97%. The methylene blue adsorption value and the iodine adsorption value of the solid-phase byproducts were 84.04 mg/g and 420.0 mg/g respectively. It is an excellent material to prepare activated carbon.
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