两种八角叶挥发油含量和化学成分的季节变化

摘要

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取不同季节软枝八角和硬枝八角新鲜枝叶中的挥发油，用 GC-MS 对挥发油的成分进行分析。考察了两种八角枝叶挥发油含量和化学成分随季节变化的规律，以挥发油的提油率为指标，确定八角叶最佳的采收季节。结果表明，硬枝八角叶的挥发油含量大于软枝八角叶的；秋季（9—11月）和冬季（12—2月）两种八角叶挥发油的含量高于春季（3—5月）和夏季（6—8月），并且在秋季为挥发油含量较高的季节，软枝八角叶和硬枝八角叶含量最高分别达到了0.83%和0.84%，是八角叶采摘最佳的季节。不同季节挥发油化学成分基本一致，但各组分含量存在一定的差异。挥发油主要成分是反式茴香脑、草蒿脑、对甲基苯甲醛、桉叶油醇、芳樟醇、1-（3-甲基-2-丁烯基）-4-（1-丙烯基）苯等。挥发油中代表成分反式茴香脑在秋季含量最高，草蒿脑含量在春季最高。%The essential oils were extracted from the leaves of soft and hard branch star anise in different seasons with steam distillation and their chemical compositions were determined with GC-MS respectively. The season variations of the contents and chemical compositions in the volatile oils were studied. The results showed that the content of the essential oil from the leaves of hard branch star anise were more than from soft branch star anise. The essential oil content of two kinds of leaves in autumn was highest, up to 0.83% (soft branch) and 0.84% (hard branch) respectively. Autumn was the best season for harvesting star anise leaves. The chemical components of essential oils were same in different season but there was some difference among the percentage of contents. The major chemical components of essential oils were E-anethole, Estragole, P-anisaldehyde, Cineole,Linalool, 1-(3-methyl-2-butenoxy)-4-(1-propenyl) benzene. In autumn, the content of E-anethole reached the highest and the content of Estragole was the highest in spring.