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Chemical constituency and odor of semiochemicals: Studying the chemical composition and odor of volatile organic compounds of great cat marking fluid in an effort to aid tiger and lion conservation

机译:化学信息素的化学成分和气味:研究猫标记液中挥发性有机化合物的化学成分和气味,以帮助保护老虎和狮子

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摘要

In conjoining the disciplines of ethology and chemistry the field of Ethochemistry has been instituted. Ethochemistry is an effective tool in conservation efforts of endangered species and the understanding of behavioral patterns across all species. Chemical constituents of scent-markings have an important, yet poorly understood function in territoriality, reproduction, dominance, and impact on evolutionary biology, especially in large mammals. Scent-markings are comprised of semiochemicals which are the key components in biota signaling. Sensory analyses of scent-markings could address knowledge gaps in ethochemistry and provide an insight into the animal's sensory perception. The overall objective of this research is to determine the chemical constituents of the African lion (Panthera leo) and Siberian tiger ( Panthera tigris altaica) marking fluid scent-markings using simultaneous, state-of-the art chemical and sensory analyses. The specific objectives of this study were to: 1) develop a novel method for the simultaneous chemical and scent identification of lion and tiger marking fluid in its totality and 2) identify the characteristic odorants responsible for the overall scent of lion and tiger marking fluid. Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) for scent collection from mixed MF and urine and multidimensional gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry-olfactometry (mdGC-MS-O) for analyses were used. Simultaneous chemical and sensory analyses with chromatography-olfactometry hyphenation could potentially aid conservation efforts by linking perceived odor, compounds responsible for odor, and resulting behavior. To date, no study reported scent and composition of marking fluid (MF) from P. leo or P. tigris altaica..;2,5-Dimethylpyrazine, 4-methyl phenol, and 3-methylcyclopentanone were isolated and identified as the three compounds responsible for the characteristic odor of lion MF. Twenty-eight volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from lion MF were identified, adding a new list of compounds previously unidentified in lion urine. In addition, chemicals in nine new compound groups were identified: ketones, aldehydes, alcohols, amines, aromatics, sulfur containing compounds, phenyls, phenols, and acids. Eighty-nine VOCs emitted from tiger MF were identified. Additional odorants besides 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, i.e. 3-methylbutanamine, R-3-methylcyclopentanone, propanedioic acid, urea, furfural, and 3-hydroxy-butanal were also identified as contributing to the characteristic MF odor. Simultaneous chemical and sensory analyses improved characterization of scent-markings and identified new MF compounds not previously reported in other tiger species.;This research will assist animal ecologists, behaviorists, zoo keepers, and conservationists in understanding how scents from specific MF compounds impact great cat communication and improve management practices related to animal behavior in captivity and in the wild. The analytical approach for simultaneous chemical and sensory analyses can be applicable to unlock scent-marking information for other species and potentially aid conservation and management. Likewise, the analytical approach for simultaneous chemical and sensory analyses can be useful to many aspects of animal production systems, such as breeding and behavior.
机译:在伦理学和化学学科的结合中,建立了民族化学领域。生态化学是保护濒危物种和了解所有物种行为模式的有效工具。气味标记的化学成分在领土,繁殖,优势地位以及对进化生物学(尤其是大型哺乳动物)的影响方面具有重要但尚不为人所知的功能。气味标记是由化学信息素组成的,它们是生物群信号传递中的关键组成部分。气味标记的感官分析可以解决人类化学方面的知识空白,并可以洞察动物的感官知觉。这项研究的总体目标是使用同时进行的最新化学和感官分析,确定非洲狮子(Panthera leo)和西伯利亚虎(Panthera tigris altaica)标记液体气味标记的化学成分。这项研究的具体目标是:1)开发一种同时对狮子和老虎标记液进行化学和气味识别的新方法,以及2)识别造成狮子和老虎标记液总体气味的特征性香精。使用固相微萃取(SPME)从混合的MF和尿液中收集气味,并使用多维气相色谱-质谱-嗅觉法(mdGC-MS-O)进行分析。色谱-嗅觉联用技术同时进行化学和感官分析,可以通过将感知到的气味,造成气味的化合物和所产生的行为联系起来,从而潜在地有助于保护工作。迄今为止,尚无任何研究报道来自Leo或tigris altaica的标记液(MF)的气味和组成。.; 2,5-二甲基吡嗪,4-甲基苯酚和3-甲基环戊酮被分离并鉴定为这三种化合物造成狮子MF的特征气味。鉴定了从狮子MF排放的28种挥发性有机化合物(VOC),增加了狮子尿中以前未鉴定的化合物的新清单。此外,还鉴定了九个新化合物组中的化学物质:酮,醛,醇,胺,芳烃,含硫化合物,苯基,酚和酸。鉴定了老虎MF释放的八十九种VOC。除2-乙酰基-1-吡咯啉外,还发现了其他气味物质,即3-甲基丁胺,R-3-甲基环戊酮,丙二酸,尿素,糠醛和3-羟基丁醛,也有助于特征性的MF气味。同时进行化学和感官分析,改善了气味标记的特性,并鉴定了其他老虎物种以前未曾报道过的新的MF化合物;该研究将帮助动物生态学家,行为学家,动物园管理员和保护主义者了解特定MF化合物的气味如何影响大猫。与圈养和野外动物行为有关的沟通和改进管理措施。同时进行化学和感官分析的分析方法可适用于释放其他物种的气味标记信息,并可能有助于保护和管理。同样,同时进行化学和感官分析的分析方法对于动物生产系统的许多方面也可能有用,例如繁殖和行为。

著录项

  • 作者

    Soso, Simone B.;

  • 作者单位

    Iowa State University.;

  • 授予单位 Iowa State University.;
  • 学科 Animal sciences.;Analytical chemistry.;Ecology.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2016
  • 页码 206 p.
  • 总页数 206
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

  • 入库时间 2022-08-17 11:46:45

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