基于生态位分割的森林资源经营与评价--以北京鹫峰国家森林公园为例

摘要

科学评价森林资源是森林可持续经营的前提。基于生态位分割法研究鹫峰国家森林公园内天然林资源的生态特征，以期为鹫峰林分改造及可持续经营管理提供理论依据。结果表明：（1）栓皮栎（I=6.7099，Bw=1.0002）和元宝枫（I=1.6530，Bw=0.8801）的重要值和生态位宽度值均较大，山杨（I=0.2007，Bw=0.2785）、构树（I=0.1246， Bw=0.2715）和鹅耳枥（I=0.0926，Bw=0.2729）的重要值和生态位宽度值较小。（2）以栓皮栎为代表的树种的生态位宽度表现为海拔500 m 以下大于500 m 以上，阳坡＞半阳坡＞半阴坡＞阴坡。（3）鹫峰多数树种的生态位相似性比例值整体较大，52%的树种对生态位相似性在0.8以上；Pianka 测度式表征的生态位重叠值（Pij）整体偏小，Pij ＜0.3的树种对占总数的66%。（4）树种的生态位重叠与生态位宽度之间无显著相关性（P ＞0.05），但与生态位宽度之差存在一定关系。%Scientific evaluation of forest resources is the premise of sustainable forest management. Analyzing natural forest resource in JiuFeng National Forest Park based on niche segmentation, so as to provide theoretical basis for Jiufeng stand transformation and sustainable management. The results showed that: (1) Important values and niche breadth were major in Quercus variabilis (I=6.709 9, Bw=1.000 2) and Acer mono (I=1.653 0, Bw=0.880 1). The lower important values and niche breadth were observed in Populus davidiana (I=0.200 7, Bw=0.278 5), Broussonetia papyrifera (I=0.124 6, Bw=0.271 5) and Carpinus turczaninowii (I=0.092 6, Bw=0.272 9). (2)Niche breadth of some tree species, represented by Quercus variabilis, was altimeter below 500 m > altimeter above 500 m, sunny slope >semi-sunny slope > semi-cloudy slope > cloudy slope. (3) Most tree species’ niche similarity values were major, of which 52% were higher 0.8. Niche overlap values of Pianka were minor, and Pij of 66% tree species were lower than 0.3. (4) There was no significant correlation between niche overlap and niche breadth (P > 0.05). With the decreasing of the difference between niche breadth, niche overlap increased, while niche overlap decreased with the increasing of the difference between niche breadth.