植物纤维原料液化新技术

摘要

介绍了植物纤维原料液化的几种新技术。植物纤维在微波作用下可以有效地液化,反应时间也显著缩短,即使是结晶度较高的纤维素也可充分降解;固体酸催化剂有较高的催化活性和选择性,而且可以循环利用;离子液体能使液化反应在近似均相的反应体系中进行,能高效地溶解纤维素、木质素和半纤维素,提高液化效率。超临界流体具有高扩散性和低表面张力,能够很好地渗透到固体内部,是植物纤维原料液化的优异溶剂。%Several new techniques of liquefaction for lignocellulosic materials are reviewed. Lignocellulose can be liquefied effectively by microwave heating. The liquefaction time can be significantly shortened. What＇s more, a complete degradation of highly crystalline cellulose can be achieved by microwave-assisted liquefaction. Solid acid catalyst, which is relatively green and recyclable, is highly catalytic active and chemical selective for liquefaction. Ionic liquids enable liquefaction to proceed in a homogeneous system, in which the degradation efficiency of cellulose, lignin and hemicelhilose can be improved. With high diffusivity and low surface tension, supercritical fluids penetrate into the solute easily and act as an exceptional solvent for the liquefaction of biomass materials.