针对目前车型分类方法在高速公路运行速度分析中存在的应用困难，在分析多条高速公路车辆速度与轴距之间关系的基础上，利用聚类分析技术，提出了基于轴距的车型分类方法：将轴距小于等于5m的车辆定义为小车，轴距大于5m、小于等于10．5m的车辆定义为中车，轴距大于10．5m的车辆定义为大车．应用该车型分类方法的速度分析结果表明：小车、中车、大车的速度分布具有显著性差异，可更准确地描述交通流的速度分布特性．%It is difficult to analyze operating speed on freeways using current vehicle classification schemes because of less maneuverability and ambiguous boundaries. Based on the relationship between speed and wheelbase on the investigated sections, a new vehicle classification scheme is presented in this paper, using cluster analysis method by the wheelbase. All vehicles are separated into 3 categories depending on wheelbase： small vehicles, the wheelbases of which are not more than 5 meters; medium vehicles, more than 5 meters and less than or equal to 10.5 meters; and large vehicles, more than 10. 5 meters. In this vehicle classification scheme, the 3 categories have distinct speed distributions which can describe the operating speed better.
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