十八届三中全会通过的《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》强调，要进一步深化改革，必须处理好政府与市场的关系，使市场在资源配置中起决定性作用。然而，对于为什么要使市场在资源配置中起决定性作用，至今还缺乏学理层面的深层论证，尤其是缺乏基于马克思经济学基本原理的逻辑论证。其实，在马克思经济学里，资源配置就是“社会必要劳动冶在社会各个生产部门和各种商品与劳务间的配置，双重含义社会必要劳动时间机制和部门内部及部门之间竞争的学说就阐明了市场配置资源的动态过程。从马克思经济学的理论逻辑出发，阐明使市场在资源配置中起决定性作用的必要性与必然性是马克思主义经济学界的紧迫任务。%It is strongly emphasized in“The Decision of the CPC Central Committee on Several Important Issues of Comprehensively Deepening Reform” proven in the 3 rd Plenary Session of 18 th CPC Central Committee that the core solution to deepen the economic reform is the proper relationship between the government and the market, leaving the market to play the decisive role in allocation of resources. However, the theoretical foundation of this statement, especially from the view of Marx's economics is not yet fully discussed. In Marx's theory, resources allocation is to allocate commodities and labor across different sectors of the society. The dual meanings of socially necessary labor-time and the inter-sector as well as the intra-sector competition explain the dynamic process of how resources are allocated by the market. It is important for researchers on Marx's economics to discuss the necessity of market economy to resource allocation under the principles of Marx's economics.
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