2种野生羊肚菌分离、鉴定与菌丝培养条件

摘要

[Objective] The present study was to obtain wild morels resources and their optimal mycelia culture conditions.[Methods] Pure culture species were obtained using tissue separation and purification method.They were subsequently identified based on morphological and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) identification.The optimal culture conditions of mycelia were determined based on mycelial growth rate and vigour.[Results]Two pure culture morels from Beijing and Shanxi provinces were numbered as YBJ and YSX,and subsequently identified as M.esculenta and M.deliciosa,respectively.Optimal mycelia culture conditions of YBJ were:optimal carbon source of soluble starch and sorbitol,optimal nitrogen source of peptone,optimal C/N ratio range of 10/1-30/1,optimal temperature of 24 ℃,and optimal pH of 8.0.Optimal mycelia culture conditions of YSX were:optimal carbon source of maltose,optimal nitrogen source of urea,optimal C/N ratio of 60/1,optimal temperature of 24 ℃,and optimal pH of 8.0.[Conclusion] Two pure culture strains were obtained from wild morels.Taxonomic status and their optimal culture conditions were further determined.The present study could provide a theoretical basis for further applications of morels resources.%[目的]获得野生羊肚菌资源,并探讨其菌丝最适培养条件.[方法]采用组织分离获得菌株纯培养;采用形态和内转录间隔区ITS鉴定确定分类地位;综合生长速度和长势,确定菌丝的最适生长条件.[结果]从北京和山西分离羊肚菌纯培养YBJ和YSX菌株,分别为羊肚菌(Morchella esculenta)和小羊肚菌(Morchelladeliciosa).YBJ菌株最适碳源为可溶性淀粉和山梨醇,最适氮源为胰蛋白胨,最适C/N比范围为10/1～30/1;最适温度为24℃;最适pH为8.0.YSX菌株最适碳源为麦芽糖;最适氮源为胰蛋白胨;最适C/N比为60/1;最适温度为24℃;最适pH为8.0.[结论]获得2株野生羊肚菌菌株,并确定其分类名称和培养条件.