中美省、州级政府间应急管理协作比较研究--以“泛珠三角”和 EMAC 为例

摘要

At present, various emergencies are becoming inter-departmental and inter-regional, which is difficult to deal with for single department or government. Thus, we should abandon the restricting administrative philosophy but choose regional collaboration with resource sharing and mutual aid. In China, government collaboration is often at provincial level, so promoting provincial government emergency management collaboration is of great significance. In the case of Collaborative Agreement for Emergency Management among Nine Mainland Provinces (Autonomous Regions) in Pan Pearl River Delta (PPRD) and Emergency Management Assistance Compact, the paper mainly makes comparative study between China and the United States on institution, mechanism and legislation, finding out that we are lack of independent authority for coordination, legal protection, cross-regional emergency plan system, compensation mechanism and human resource management, so that we can learn advanced experience from the U.S. and improve China’s provincial government emergency management collaboration according to real situations.%当前，各类突发事件呈现出跨部门、跨区域的特点，由单一部门或地方政府来应对如此复杂的突发事件显然非常困难，因此应当破除传统“行政区行政”的治理理念，采取区域协同合作行为，发挥自身的优势，借助相互的资源，共同抵御灾难。我国应急管理政府间合作主要集中在省级政府，因此建立健全省级政府应急管理协作机制具有重要意义。通过比较研究我国的《泛珠三角区域内地九省（区）应急管理合作协议》与美国的《州际应急管理互助协议》（EMAC）在体制、法制和机制三个方面的差异，发现我国省级政府的应急管理行政合作协议存在缺乏独立权威的协调管理机构、缺乏法律保障和法律权威、跨区域应急预案体系与灾后补偿机制亟需完善、人才队伍建设任重道远等问题，要借鉴 EMAC 的先进经验，结合现实国情完善我国省级政府间应急管理协同合作。