神力·神职·神祇∗--汉代“高禖”图像考辨

摘要

“高禖”崇拜可以追溯到商代，他是中国历代官民共祭的重要神祇。“高禖”在商周时期是一种掌管生育的“自然神力”，在汉代演变为掌管生育的“神职”，任职者曾为女娲、西王母或伏羲。东汉时期，随着“高禖”的男性化进程，“高禖”逐渐脱离与其他神祇的关联，成为民众所认可的独立的神祇。汉代“高禖”图式是“高禖”神祇身份在汉代确立的依据，并以图像的方式反映了洪水过后存世的人类始祖在“高禖”指引下结合繁衍人类的原始神话，表达了民众求子祈福的愿望。%Abstracts:People’s worship of the god“Gao Mei”can be traced back to the Shang dynasty.It is an important deity that both Chinese imperial officers and the people worship.During the periods of the Shang and Zhou,“Gao Mei”was a kind of “natural divine power”in charge of the family,and in Han dynasty evolved into the ministry in charge of fertility,and the incumbent are the gods Nv Wa,Xi Wangmu,or Fu Xi. During the Eastern Han dynasty, “Gao Mei ” became masculine, and independent of other gods.“Gao Mei”schema in the Han Dynasty,in the form of image reflects primitive myth of human ancestors’reproduction under the guidance of “Gao Mei”after the floods, and expresses people’s longings for sons and happiness.