社会契约之下的公共权力——论社会契约视野之下的国家观念

摘要

The idea of the social contract is a mark stone of the state origin and nature. As the leading thought of western political theory, the idea of the social contract changed the nature of the public political power and strike back to the medieval theology. The thought of the social contract complete the whole theoretical demonstration start from the human itself, by doing so, it reflects the thought of freedom and equality in the sovereignty state in modern times. Different from the state times and the medieval state power, the public power of sovereignty state has been largely changed, which can be seen from the thoughts of Hobbs, Locke and Rousseau.%社会契约思想是西方政治思想史上有关国家起源、性质学说的一座丰碑。作为西方政治理论界的主导思想，同城邦时期与中世纪的公共权力观念相比，社会契约思想改变了公共政治权威的自然性，同时对中世纪的神学世界观进行了反击。社会契约思想从人本身出发来完成整个理论论证过程，体现了近代主权国家观念中的自由和平等思想。与城邦时代与中世纪国家权力不同，在社会契约思想的影响下，主权国家的公共权力发生了巨大的变化。这从对霍布斯、洛克和卢梭的社会契约思想的分析之中可见一斑。