大型液体火箭发动机喷管数字化铣槽加工系统

摘要

Rocket nozzle is a key structural part of high-thrust liquid rocket engine. There are a hundreds of cooling channels around the nozzle, to ensure the reliable cooling and preheat the fuel. However, it is very difficult to machine the cooling channel due to large size, complex profile, low rigidity, etc. In this article, an integrated digital method for cooling channel machining composed of profile measuring, data processing and channel milling is proposed. Because of large difference between the actual contour and the design model, the channel bottom should be redesigned by using the measured geometric information. Therefore, the varying-thickness and varying-depth cooling channel of nozzle with high order contour or parametric shapes can be machined. Further, a special digital machining system is developed based on an open numerical control platform for the dual-channel vertical milling machine. Finally, an experiment utilizing a typical rocket nozzle is implemented to verify the feasibility of the system. It has been proved that the digital machining system can meet the machining requirements for liquid rocket engine nozzle.%针对大型液体火箭发动机喷管几何尺寸大、廓形复杂、结构刚度低致使其冷却通道加工质量难以保证的难题,提出一种集“测量-数据处理-铣槽”于一体的喷管冷却通道数字化加工新方法,并在开放式数控平台上开发出喷管专用数字化铣槽加工系统.该方法利用喷管几何外廓的实际测量信息再设计出槽底曲面,进而实现高次曲线或参数曲线廓形、变壁厚变槽深喷管冷却通道的数字化加工.通过某型号火箭发动喷管的实际加工,表明所研制的双通道立式铣槽加工专用装备与系统可满足我国新一代大推力液体火箭发动机喷管冷却通道高质量、高效、高可靠的制造要求.