叔本华唯意志论对哈代《无名的裘德》的影响

摘要

Schopenhauer's philosophy of voluntarism exert a great influence on Thomas Hardy's creation, espe⁃cially the shape of characters and the increase of tragic awareness in Jude the Obscure. Hardy's portrait of the characters and destinies about Jude, Sue and Arabella, is deeply influenced by Schopenhauer's philosophy. Scho⁃penhauer holds the nature of the world is the will, and will is people's unstoppable impulses and desires, howev⁃er, will has tragical features, so life is painful. At the late period of Hardy's novel creation, due to the impact of Schopenhauer's tragic philosophy, the tragic consciousness of character's personality and destiny further enhanc⁃es, especially the tragical portrait of Jude, Sue and the Little Father Time.%叔本华的唯意志论哲学思想，对哈代《无名的裘德》中的人物形象的塑造和悲剧意识的增强产生了重要影响。哈代对裘德、淑和艾拉白拉人物性格和命运的刻画，深受叔本华意志论哲学的影响。叔本华认为世界的本质是意志，意志是人不可遏止的生命冲动和欲望，而意志又具有悲剧性，所以人生是痛苦的。哈代小说创作后期，由于受叔本华悲剧思想的影响，人物性格和命运的悲剧意识进一步增强，特别是对裘德、淑和小时光老人悲剧形象的刻画。