自然法的理智主义与意志主义之争--中世纪晚期自然法思想研究

摘要

The late middle ages was a transition period which the ideas of natural law were transformed from ancient to modern and the sacred to the secular. Different factors such as religious, political, economic and cultural together caused the vicissitude of ideas of natural law, among these the conflict between revelation and philosophy, sacred and secular constitute the fundamental force. On this basis, natural law theories developed Naturalism and Voluntarism as two different systems, they hassled on all questions concerning the natural law, this controversy not only determines the subsequent natural law 'development but also our judgment upon current situations.%中世纪晚期是自然法思想由古代向近现代、由神圣向世俗转变的重要过渡期。宗教、政治、经济和文化等方面的因素程度不同的作用于自然法观念的变迁。其中，启示信仰与哲学、宗教神圣与世俗之间的矛盾冲突构成了其根本的动力。在此基础上，自然法理论的发展呈现为理智主义与意志主义两条不同的进路，它们在有关自然法问题的各个方面展开了激烈的争论，不仅决定了其后自然法理论的走向，也影响着我们当下的选择判断。