中国农村人口出生性别比发展水平分析

摘要

Sex ratio at birth is the natural basis reflecting the developing change of the population structure of age and gender. Unbalanced sex ratio at birth is one of China's population problems which are complicated and deep-seated in practice. According to all previous census data, due to the low rural productivity level and the current family planning policy, the trend of population sex ratio at birth is still on the high side, which also directly results from our traditional family culture. In addition, abuse or even illegal use of more advanced medical technology, weak rural society security and low reward magnitude of family planning also contributes to the problem.%出生性别比是人口性别年龄结构发展变化的自然基础。出生性别比失衡是中国人口问题面临的一个复杂、实际的深层次问题。依据历次人口普查数据显示，由于农村较低的生产力水平和现行的计划生育政策，人口出生性别比偏高的趋势仍未明显缓解。传统的生育文化是导致农村出生性别比居高不下的根本原因，宽松的计划生育政策及执行是出生性别比偏高的关键因素，先进医疗技术的滥用甚至违法使用更加速了出生性别比的失衡状态，另外农村社会保障薄弱以及计划生育户的奖励幅度过低也是出生性别比偏高的主要原因。