不同管理模式对冬小麦产量和养分吸收的影响

摘要

[Objective] In order to establish high yield and high efficiency technology for winter wheat in the piedmont area in Hebei Plain, the impacts of different management modes on yield of winter wheat, dry matter accumulation, nutrient absorption and nutrient production efficiency were carried out by field test. [ Method ] Four management modes were farmer convention mode, high yield and high efficient mode, super high yield mode and super high yield and high efficient mode. Thereinto, farmer convention mode was local farmers'conventional cropping methods, the other three management modes were all management measures' optimized combinations under a certain goal of increasing yield and efficient. [Result] The yield, dry matter accumulation amount, N and P and K nutrients absorption amount, nitrogen fertilizer production efficiency of three optimized management measures combinations, high yield and high efficient mode, super high yield mode and super high yield and high efficient mode, were all higher than those of farmer convention mode. And compared with farmer convention mode, yield increased by 20.7% , 30. 5% and 22. 5% resp. , nitrogen fertilizer production efficiency increased by 67. 1% ,17. 3% and 29. 7% resp. . Thereinto, the yield accumulation amount of dry matter, and plant N, P and K nutrients absorption of super high yield mode were the greatest, and nitrogen fertilizer production efficiency of high yield and high efficient mode was the highest and reached to 47. 3 kg/kg. [ Conclusion] It is realized that wheat yield increases by 10% - 15% and 30% -50% , nitrogen fertilizer production efficiency rises by 15% -20% and 30% -50% through the optimum combination of management technology.%[目的]为了建立适合河北山前平原区冬小麦(Triticum aestivum Linn.)高产高效栽培的技术体系,通过大田试验,研究了不同管理模式对冬小麦产量、干物质积累、养分吸收及养分生产效率的影响.[方法]4个管理模式分别为农民习惯模式、高产高效模式、再高产模式、再高产高效模式,其中农民习惯模式按当地农民常规种植进行,高产高效、再高产和再高产高效模式分别为设置一定增产增效目标下各种管理措施的优化组合.[结果]与农民习惯相比,管理措施优化组合的高产高效、再高产和再高产高效3种模式均显著提高了冬小麦的产量、干物质积累量、氮磷钾养分吸收量和氮肥生产效率,其中产量分别提高20.7％、30.5％和22.5％,氮肥生产效率分别增加67.1％、17.3％和29.7％.再高产模式下产量、干物质积累和氮磷钾的养分累积量最高,高产高效模式下氮肥生产效率最高,这47.3kg/kg.[结论]通过管理技术的优化组合,可以实现冬小麦产量分别提高10％ ～ 15％和30％ ～ 50％、氮肥生产效率分别提高15％～20％和30％ ～ 50％的高产高效目标.