野生与船养瓦氏黄颡鱼肌肉营养组成与评价

摘要

[Objective] To compare the nutritional composition of muscles in wild and boat cage-cultured Pelteobagrus vachelli.[Method] The nutritional components of muscles in wild and boat cage-cultured P.vachelli from the same waters were analyzed.[Result] The content of crude protein,crude fat and crude ash in wild P.vachelli were 1.16,1.69 and 0.90 times as high as that in boat cage-cultured individuals respectively.17 amino acids were detected in wild and boat cage-cultured P.vachelli.Except for Tyr and His,the content of other amino acids in wild individuals were higher than that in boat cage-cultured individuals.The content of TAA,EAA and DAA in wild individuals were 1.18,1.51 and 1.13 times as high as that in boat cage-cultured individuals,respectively.The composition of essential amino acids in wild individuals met the high-quality standards of FAO/WHO,but boat cage-cultured individuals did not meet these standards.According to amino acids score (AAS),the first limited amino acid in wild P.vachelli was Val.Except for Val,AAS of other essential amino acids were equal to or more than 0.90.The first limited amino acid in boat cage-cultured P.vachelli was Leu.AAS of Phe+Tyr was more than 1.AAS of 3 kinds of essential amino acids were lower than 0.65.The essential amino acids index (EAAI) of wild individuals and boat cage-cultured individuals was 69.62 and 55.36,respectively.[Conclusion] There were differences of nutritional components in wild P.vachelli and boat cage-cultured P.vachelli.Wild individuals and boat cage-cultured individuals lived in the same waters with similar water quality conditions,and these results suggested that different food might be main influencing factor of nutritional components in the muscle of P.vachelli.%[目的]比较野生和船体网箱养殖(船养)瓦氏黄颡鱼的肌肉营养组成.[方法]对采自同一水域的野生和船养瓦氏黄颡鱼的肌肉营养成分进行了比较.[结果]野生瓦氏黄颡鱼粗蛋白、粗灰分和粗脂肪含量分别为船养瓦氏黄颡鱼的1.16倍、1.69倍和0.90倍.在检测到的17种氨基酸中,野生瓦氏黄颡鱼除酪氨酸和组氨酸含量低于船养瓦氏黄颡鱼外,其余种类氨基酸均高于船养瓦氏黄颡鱼.野生瓦氏黄颡鱼总氨基酸(TAA)、总必需氨基酸(TEAA)、总鲜味氨基酸(TDAA)含量分别是船养瓦氏黄颡鱼的1.18倍、1.51倍和1.13倍.野生瓦氏黄颡鱼必需氨基酸构成比例符合世界粮农组织/世界卫生组织对优质蛋白质的要求,而船养瓦氏黄颡鱼不符合.根据氨基酸评分,野生瓦氏黄颡鱼的第一限制性氨基酸为缬氨酸,除缬氨酸外,其余必需氨基酸的氨基酸评分均大于等于0.90;船养瓦氏黄颡鱼的第一限制性氨基酸为亮氨酸,只有苯丙氨酸+络氨酸的氨基酸评分大于1,3种必需氨基酸的氨基酸评分在0.65以下;野生瓦氏黄颡鱼的必需氨基酸指数为69.62,船养瓦氏黄颡鱼为55.36.[结论]野生和船养瓦氏黄颡鱼的肌肉营养成分存在差异.野生与船养瓦氏黄颡鱼生活在同一水域,水质条件几乎一致,饵料差异可能是影响瓦氏黄颡鱼肌肉营养成分的主要原因.