敦煌莫高窟清代《西游记》题材绘塑作品考察

摘要

敦煌莫高窟清代出现了多例《西游记》题材的绘塑作品，作者通过实地考察，结合20世纪初拍摄的敦煌莫高窟老照片，对莫高窟三层楼《西游记》壁画的画面进行了考释，对现存洞窟中清塑唐僧和孙悟空像进行了调查。在此基础上，探讨了主要施主道士王圆箓请人绘塑这些作品的原因，并认为除了《西游记》在清代民间非常流行之外，更与王道士所属的全真道龙门派有密切关系。%In Dunhuang Mogao Caves of Qing Dynasty there are many paintings and sculptures featuring scenes from A Pil-grimage to the West .Based on his field trip there and with reference to the old photos taken of the caves in the early 20 th century, the present author studied the frescos on the third floor of Mogao Caves featuring scenes from A Pilgrimage to the West, especially the sculptures of Monk Tang and Monkey Sun.Then he proceeded to investigate the reasons why Taoist Monk Wang Yuanlu, the chief benefactor, commissioned these sculptures and came to the conclusion that apart from the popularity of the novel the fact that Wang Yuanlu belonged to the Longmen School of Chhuan Chen Taoism also played a part in it.