Ginseng is one of the rare herbs in China, which has received widespread attention, with the efficacy of nourishing qi , spleen and lung, and spirit quieting. Ginseng has complex chemical composition, wide biological activity, unique pharmacological effect, and has high application value. The related applications cover many fields, such as medicine, pharmacy, health food, cosmetics, and so on, and the market is extensive. After long-term exploration and research and clinical application of accumulation, the composition and efficacy of ginseng becomes more and more clear. In this paper, through the reference of recent years related literature at home and abroad,the main chemical constituents of ginseng, such as saponins, polysaccharides, volatile oils, and the corresponding pharmacological effects of various components were outlined, in order to facilitate the further development of ginseng scientific research.%人参是我国名贵的中药材之一,自古就受到人们的广泛重视,有大补元气、补脾益肺、生津安神益智之功效.人参化学成分复杂,生物活性广泛,药理作用独特,具有很高的应用价值,相关应用覆盖医学、药学、保健食品、化妆品等多个领域,市场广泛.经过人们长期的探索研究和临床应用的积累,人参的成分和功效也越来越清晰.通过查阅梳理近几年国内外人参相关文献,针对其主要化学成分皂苷、多糖、挥发油等及各成分相应的药理作用展开概述.
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