曹操成就霸业所依赖的军队来源十分复杂，包括家族兵、主动归附的军队，战败的军闽，黄巾余部，地方豪强和少数民族的军队，对成分如此复杂的军队曹操采取了多种管理措施，以亲信领兵，对一般将领则加强控制，对地方豪强和黄巾余部允许其保留一定独立，对少数族军队严厉防范。所有管理措施造成了显著的后果，谯沛军事集团的形成为曹丕代汉提供了实力保证，为控制士兵实行的错役制造成了士兵身份下降，对于北方各部族的利用和控制激化了民族矛盾。%Due to its gradual establishment during the long time of war, the formation of Caocao＇army was quite complicated. It was composed of sic kinds： 1 ） Clan force; 2） Voluntary participants; 3 ） Forces merged gradually; 4） Remainders of Ydlow - Scarf rebels ; 5 ） Local landlord forces ; 6 ） Minority forces. Cao had three different ways to control his army ： 1 ） Paying equal attention to taking use and guarding against policies towards other mil- itary commanders while his relatives and clan members took real control of the main forces; 2 ） Giving limited independence to both the remainders of Yellow - scarf rebels and the local landlord forces; 3 ） Taking strict control on the minority forces. The complexity of the army composition and variety of his management led to the following consequences ： 1 ） The emerge of a strong Qiao - Pei military group; 2） Humble status of soldiers and the establishment Jun Hu Zhi Du （ the institution of family soldiers） ; 3 ） The intensified conflicts between different peoples.
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