Newcastle disease, a highly contagious and fatal disease, is caused by the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) , which is capable of infecting a variety of birds, especially for chickens, geese and other fowls. NDV is classified as a member of the order Mononegavirales, family Paramyxoviridae, sub-family Paramyxovirinae, genus Rubulavirus. NDV is an enveloped, non-segmented, negative-sense RNA virus. NDV belongs to one serotype and have been classified into two distinct classes, Class I and Class II, on the basis of genomic size. The genome contains six open reading frames (ORF) , encoding the nucleocapsid protein ( NP) , the phosphoprotein( P) , the matrix protein( M) , the fusion protein( F) , the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoprotein ( HN) and the large protein ( L) . Non-structural proteins V and W, are generated by RNA editing during P gene transcription. In view of the wide dissemination and high lethality of the Newcastle disease virus, this paper focused on the evaluation of the virulence, virus invasive mechanisms and virulence, virus replication and virulence, virus immune escape mechanisms and virulence, and virus non-coding region motif and virulence to elaborate the biological indicators and processes of virulence of Newcastle disease virus.%新城疫是由新城疫病毒引起的一种能够感染多种鸟类的烈性传染病,尤其对鸡、鹅等常见家禽具有高度的传染性和致死性.NDV属于副黏病毒科副黏病毒亚科禽腮腺炎病毒属,为囊膜包裹的、不分节段的、单股负链RNA病毒.NDV只有一个血清型,根据其长度分为Class Ⅰ和ClassⅡ2大系谱.NDV基因组含有6个开放式阅读框,分别编码核衣壳蛋白、磷蛋白、基质蛋白、融合蛋白、血凝素-神经氨酸蛋白和大蛋白.此外,在P基因转录过程中,NDV通过RNA编辑机制编码额外的2种非结构蛋白质,即V和W.鉴于新城疫病毒的广泛传播性和高度的致死性,本文着重从NDV毒力的评价指标、NDV的侵入机制与毒力、NDV的复制与毒力、NDV免疫逃避机制与毒力、NDV非编码区基序与毒力5个方面来阐述,以期为深入研究不同毒株间的致病性差异以及进一步防控新城疫病毒奠定基础.
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