生态女性主义视野下的《伊万的女儿，伊万的母亲》

摘要

拉斯普京被誉为“俄罗斯社会的良心”，他在生前创作的最后一部中篇小说《伊万的女儿，伊万的母亲》中，通过自然与女性的悲剧呈现出俄罗斯自然生态与道德生态遭到严重破坏的世界图景。将自然与女性置于“他者”地位的行为，剥夺了二者作为主体的话语权，实质上是违背二者自然本性的表现。拉斯普京在这部作品中对于社会弊端的诸多探讨体现了他的生态女性主义意识，同时也契合了“道法自然”的中国古代哲学思想，即道不违自然，尊重万物之本性的主体意识。%Rasputin, known as the “Conscience of Russian society”, gave a vision of Russian world, whose natural ecology and morality had been severely damaged in his last novella,Ivan’s Daughter, Ivan’s Mother, by depicting the tragedy of nature and women. The practice of placing nature and women in the “other” status deprives their dis-course right. In essence, it is a departure from the nature of the two. The revelation of social ills in his work relfects his consciousness of eco-feminism. This also goes with the ancient Chinese philosophy - “Tao Emulates What Is Spontaneously So”, which refers to the subject con-sciousness of respecting the nature of all things on earth.