露龈笑系不完美笑容，主要表现为自然笑时牙龈暴露过多。造成露龈笑的原因较多，在临床上，最容易被忽略的原因为牙被动萌出异常(APE)。 APE 系指牙被动萌出过程未完成致过多的牙龈覆盖在釉质表面造成的一种临床短冠状态，可通过规范的牙周手术得以纠正；然而，要想获得一个令医患双方都满意的集美观、生物和稳定于一体的治疗效果，仔细区分引起露龈笑的各种原因至关重要。本文就 APE 及其分型和流行病学， APE 的临床诊断， APE 的治疗及相关的美学要素，组织的愈合等研究进展作一综述。%Gummy smile always consitutes an unesthetic smile characterized by excessive exhibition of the gums during a full smile. There are several etiologies for gummy smile, and the most commonly overlooked etiology is altered passive eruption(APE). APE is a clinical situation produced by excessive gum overlapping over the enamel limits, resulting in a short clinical crown appearance, which is due to failure in concluding the passive eruption phase. APE can be corrected by periodontal surgery. However, it is essential to establish a differential diagnosis for achieving an esthetic, biological and stable result that satisfies both clinician and patient. This article will re-view the concept of APE, its classification and epidemiology, clinical diagnosis, treatment modalities and esthetic considerations and also the process of tissue healing.
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