MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that negatively regulate gene expression.The miRNAs regulate gene expression by controlling the translation of a specific type of messenger RNA.miRNAs are key epigenetic regulators of gene expression,and miRNAs have been recently identified as key regulatory RNAs with immense significance in numerous biological processes.They actively participate in the modulation of important cell physiological processes and are involved in the pathogenesis of asthma.MiRNAs have been implicated to have a fundamental role in acute and chronic asthma and in airway remodeling by the regulation of multiple signal transduction pathways that are involved in the pathogenesis of asthma.A better understanding of the role that miRNAs play in the diseases could lead to the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic tools.This review highlights the current understanding of the role and regulation of miRNA in asthma.%微小RNA(micro RNA,miRNA)是一种小的非编码RNA分子,它可以通过对特殊类型的mRNA控制和转录负调节基因表达.miRNA是基因表观遗传学关键调节者,最近发现在大量生物学过程中miRNA有重要的意义.在哮喘发病机制中它们积极参与重要细胞病理生理机制.miRNA与哮喘急性期和慢性期的发病机制以及气道重塑的多种信号通路有关.更好地理解哮喘miRNA的作用有利于开发新的哮喘诊断和治疗工具.该文重点探讨miRNA在哮喘中所起的调节作用.
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