肺癌筛查中的问题和研究进展

摘要

Lung cancer has become the leading cause of cancer mortality globally. Early diagnosis is important for the good prognosis. Evidence has shown low-dose CT screening can significantly decrease the mortality of lung cancer , the lung cancer screening has become a new research focus recently. However, in spite of the advantage, there are still many problems in the screening, such as, high false-positive rates, problem in establishing accurate risk prediction model, overdiagnosis, and radiation exposure. We reviewed the existing problems and research development of lung cancer screening.%肺癌是全球范围内死亡率最高的肿瘤，早期诊断对肺癌的预后至关重要。研究显示运用低剂量CT (LDCT)进行肺癌筛查可使肺癌的死亡率显著下降，因此肺癌筛查成为肿瘤防治方面的新热点。在关注LDCT效果的同时，其存在的问题亦不可忽视，如过高的假阳性率、高危人群和风险模型的确立、过度诊断、辐射效应等。就肺癌筛查存在的问题和研究进展进行综述。