易被忽略的先天性与后天性肺静脉病变

摘要

Pulmonary vein (PV) disorders are apt to be ignored because of less obvious clinical and imaging findings. The critical period for development of PV is from 28th day to 32nd day of the embryo. The congenital anomalies of PV include unilateral single PV, congenital PV stenosis and atresia, PV varicose, anomalous PV return, PV malformation, and meandering PV. The incidence of congenital disorders of atrial fibrillation patients is higher than that of non-atrial fibrillation ones. Various acquired diseases can invade PV, including stenosis and occlusion, thrombus, calcification, and neoplasms. So far, multislice computed tomography is the most effective imaging technique for evaluation of above diseases.%肺静脉病变容易被忽略,其临床及影像表现均不如肺动脉疾病明显. 肺静脉发育的关键时期是胚胎第28～32天.肺静脉先天性异常包括单一肺静脉、肺静脉狭窄与闭锁、肺静脉曲张、肺静脉异位引流、肺静脉畸形、环状肺静脉. 房颤病人肺静脉先天性异常的发生率高于无房颤者. 多种后天性疾病可累及肺静脉,包括狭窄、闭塞、血栓、钙化、肿瘤等. MSCT为目前显示上述疾病最有效的成像方法.