2013-2016年柳州市手足口病病原监测结果分析

摘要

Objective To analyze the etiological and epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease(HFMD) in Liuzhou city from 2013 to 2016,and to provide scientific evidence for preventive policy making.Methods Specimens of HFMD cases were collected from the hospitals and county CDC from 2013 to 2016.The nucleic acids which are enterovirus viruses71(EV71),coxasckie virus A16(CoxA16) and other enterovirus(EV) was detected by Real time PCR technique.Results A total of 3 503 suspected HFMD cases were found,and 2 720 cases were identified.The main pathogen of HFMD in Liuzhou city was change every year from 2013 to 2016,in addition to EV71 and CoxA16,there was a higher proportion of EV.HFMD was a seasonal disease,most cases occurred from March to September.The children under 5 years old,especially 1-3 years old were the main patients,and male patients was higher than female.Severe and death HFMD was EV71,but death HFMD had no CoxA16.Conclusion EV was the main pathogen of mild HFMD in Liuzhou city from 2013 to 2016,but the pathogenic spectrum was changing every yeas.EV71 was the main pathogen of severe and death HFMD.%目的 掌握柳州市2013-2016年手足口病病原学流行特征及病原谱变化情况,为制定柳州市手足口病预防控制措施提供科学依据.方法 收集柳州市2013-2016年医院和县级疾病预防控制中心送检的手足口病病例咽拭子、肛拭子及疱疹液标本,应用实时荧光定量-聚合酶链反应(real-time PCR) 技术对标本中的肠道病毒71型(EV71)、柯萨奇病毒A组16 型(CoxA16)及非EV71和CoxA16的其他肠道病毒(EV)进行核酸检测.结果 2013-2016年共收集临床诊断手足口病病例标本3 503份,实验室确诊EV阳性标本2 720份;2013-2016年柳州市每年手足口病主要病原体均有变化,除EV71和CoxA16外,还存在着较高比例的EV;手足口病发病有明显季节性,主要集中在每年3-9月;5岁以下儿童为主要发病的人群,其中1～3岁儿童发病最多,男性发病例数高于女性;EV71为引起重症及死亡手足口病的主要病原体,死亡病例未见CoxA16.结论 EV是引起柳州市2013-2016年手足口病流行的主要病原体,但每年病原谱在不断变化,EV71是引起重症及死亡手足口病的主要病原体.