脲原体耐药机制研究进展

摘要

Ureaplasma (including Ureaplasma parvum and Ureaplasma urealyticum) is one of the pathogens causing the nongonococcal urogenital infections.Tetracyclines, macrolides and quinolones are the major antibiotics in the treatment of these infections.There are increasing investigations on the drug-resistant mechanism of ureaplasma because more and more antibiotics resistance strains of ureaplasma have occurred.tetM transposon or integron mediated ribosome protection is the major mechanism of the tetracycline resistance in ureaplasma.The mutations in the 23S rRNA genes (two separate operons) and ribosome associated L4 or L22 protein genes are the major mechanisms of the macrolides resistance.The mutations of DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV in chromosome are the major mechanisms of quinolones resistance in ureaplasma.%脲原体(包括微小脲原体和解脲脲原体)是引起人类非淋球菌性泌尿生殖道感染的主要病原体之一.四环素类、大环内酯类及喹诺酮类抗生素是治疗脲原体感染的主要药物.随着脲原体对抗生素的耐药情况日趋严重,其耐药机制研究逐渐受到重视.一般认为tetM转座子或整合子介导的核糖体保护作用是脲原体对四环素类耐药的主要机制.23S rRNA操纵子及核糖体相关的L4或L22蛋白的基因突变,可能是脲原体对大环内酯类耐药的原因.对喹诺酮类的主要耐药机制与编码DNA促旋酶和拓扑异构酶Ⅳ亚单位的基因突变有关.