角膜生物力学特性的测量方法研究现状

摘要

Cornea is the major refractive components of the eye. As a viscoelastic tissue, cornea exhibits complicated biomechanical properties: non - linear elasticity, anisotropy and viscoelasticity. The biomechanical properties play an important role in keeping the normal structureand function. Changes in biomechanical properties are always earlier than the clinical symptoms. So quantitative measurement of the biomechanical properties benefits the early diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Different methods to measure the biomechanical properties of cornea were reviewed in detail, including classic ex vivo destructive tests, commercially available in vivo measuring methods and other emerging methods with the potential for clinical application but not validated for in vivo measurement. The operating principles, advantages as well as limitations of these methods were also described.%角膜是人眼的主要屈光介质。作为一种黏弹性生物组织，角膜具有非线弹性、黏弹性和各向异性的复杂生物力学特性。角膜的生物力学特性对维持角膜的正常形态及功能具有重要作用。在许多眼部疾病中，角膜生物力学的改变常常早于临床症状的出现。因此对角膜生物力学特性的定量测量有利于疾病的早期诊断和治疗。目前测量角膜生物力学有多种方法，包括经典的体外实验，已应用于临床的在体测量法和其他的一些具有临床应用潜力的在体测量法。各种方法测量原理不同并有其相应的优缺点。