无缺陷退货下三级供应链应对突发事件的协调研究

摘要

设想一个三级供应链,由生产商、批发商和零售商三个环节构成,生产商生产一种短生命周期产品逐级批发给零售商销售,零售商以零售价格将产品销售给消费者并以销售价格回收消费者的无缺陷退货；批发商和生产商逐级对相关商品进行回收,这些相关商品包括零售商从消费者手中回收的无缺陷退货以及销售季节结束后形成的剩余商品.零售商的销售努力不仅对产品的需求有影响,而且对消费者的退货率也产生影响.在探讨回馈与惩罚契约对三级供应链协调功能的基础上,分析了市场需求因突发事件而变化时回馈与惩罚契约对三级供应链产生的协调影响,结果表明:在突发事件下,基准的回馈与惩罚契约对三级供应链的协调功能失效.对此,设计了三级供应链在突发事件下的最优应对策略,并调整了原来的回馈与惩罚契约使其具有抗突发事件性.应用一个算例对比加以说明.%A three-stage supply chain composed of one manufacturer,one distributor,and one retailer is considered in this paper.The manufacturer supplies to the distributor short-life-cycle products with a wholesale price,the distributor supplies them with a wholesale price to the retailer,and then the retailer sells product to customers with a retail price.The retailer buys back customers' false failure return products with a retail price,the distributor and the manufacturer reclaim the products from the retailer by stage.The retailer's effort has influence not only on demands but also on return rate.Under these conditions,the coordination function with rebate and penalty contract is analyzed.Then,coordination with rebate and penalty contract for such a supply chain is studied,in which market demand is changed under disruption.Result shows that this supply chain coordination may be broken off by a disruption.Thus,an optimal strategy for this supply chain to deal with the disruption is given and an improved rebate and penalty contract whith anti-disruption ability is proposed.Finally,the proposed models are employed to examples with numerical analysis.