考虑行业异质性的我国工业能源效率分析

摘要

提升能源效率是供给侧改革的重要方面，不同行业在资源、技术、资金和劳动组织上各有自身特性，使到各行业能源效率产生差异。运用超效率DEA模型，以2002－2014年我国36个工业行业的面板数据测算我国工业行业的静态全要素能源效率，分析行业异质性和演变过程。采用Malmquist指数法测算全要素能源效率变化指数，考察我国工业全要素能源效率的动态变化，进一步运用面板回归模型分析工业行业能源效率的影响因素。结果发现：我国工业行业能源效率保持缓慢上升趋势，不同要素密集度行业的能源效率存在显著差异性，从低至高依次为资源密集型、资本密集型和劳动密集型行业。不同行业间能源效率增长趋势不同，资源密集型行业和劳动密集型行业的全要素能源效率变化指数呈增长趋势，资本密集型行业的全要素能源效率变化指数呈下降趋势。产权结构、对外开放程度、行业平均规模和行业集中度对全要素能源效率的影响存在行业异质性。%Improving energy efficiency is an important aspect of supply-side reform. Different industries have their own characteristics in resources,technology,capital and labor organization,which make the energy efficiency of different industries different. Based on industry heterogeneity perspective,the paper calculates the static total factor energy efficiency of Chinese industry by using super efficiency DEA and the panel data of 36 industries from 2002 to 2014 ,and analyzes the industry differences and evolution. The paper goes on using the Malmquist index measured the change in total factor energy efficiency index and study the dynamic changes of Chinese industrial total factor energy efficiency. Further studying the influence factors of the industry energy efficiency by using panel regression model. The conclusion is that total factor energy efficiency of Chinese in-dustry remains a slow increasing trend and there are significant differences in the energy efficiency of the differ-ent elements of intensive industry and distinct differences are observed in energy efficiency sectors with differ-ent factor intensity,its ranking from low to high based on energy efficiency is:resource-intensive,capital-intensive and labor-intensive industries. Between different industries in different energy efficiency growth,re-source-intensive and labor-intensive industries in total factor energy efficiency change index appear increas-ing trend,capital-intensive industries in total factor energy efficiency change index appear dropping trend. Industrial structure,opening degree,industry average scale and industry concentration have showed industry heterogeneity in impact of the total energy efficiency.