聚α-烯烃合成油及其加氢工艺的研究进展

摘要

Poly-α-olefin synthetic oil(PAO) is the most premium and promising lubricant base oil,with high viscosity index,superior performance at lower temperature,higher stability against oxidation,higher resistance to inflaming and lower volatility.World demand on PAO is increasing.Conventional PAO synthesis technologies include ethylene oligomerization and paraffin wax cracking.Latest emerging technologies include Lu'an coal-to-liquid(CTL) route and natural-gas-to-oil route.Hydrofining is key to higher quality of PAO.The two-stage hydrofining process developed by Yanhua Juhua Company and the hydrotreating process developed by PetroChina Lanzhou Lubricant Factory greatly improved the quality of PAO.PAO hydrofining results largely depend on the performance of hydrofining catalysts,i.e.,higher selectivity and better stability.%聚α-烯烃合成油是所有合成润滑油基础油中性能最优异的一种,具有黏度指数高、低温性能和高温氧化安定性好、抗燃性好及挥发性低等优点,是未来应用广泛的合成基础油,市场需求持续增加.综述聚α-烯烃基础油及其加氢工艺、加氢精制催化剂的研究现状.传统聚α-烯烃合成油生产工艺有乙烯齐聚法和石蜡裂解法等,潞安煤制油工艺和天然气制油工艺等新工艺也开始兴起.加氢精制工艺对提高聚α-烯烃合成油的质量起着至关重要的作用,北京燕化聚华工贸有限公司两段加氢精制工艺和中国石油兰州润滑油厂聚α-烯烃合成油加氢精制处理工艺均极大改善了聚α-烯烃合成油的质量.聚α-烯烃合成油加氢精制效果很大程度取决于加氢精制催化剂性能,要求加氢精制催化剂具有较高的选择性和较好的稳定性.