以转几丁质酶和葡聚糖酶双价基因棉花为研究对象，非转基因受体棉花为对照，通过比较可培养细菌数量和基于16S rRNA克隆文库细菌种群分析，评价外源双价基因的导入在苗期、蕾期、花铃期和吐絮期对棉花根际细菌群落多样性的影响。结果表明，可培养细菌的数量不受外源双价基因的影响，随着棉花生育期的交替而变化，以代谢旺盛的花铃期最多。构建的转基因和非转基因不同生育期根际土壤细菌16S rRNA文库容量为2400个克隆，涵盖了细菌的283个属。其中，Acidobacterium是最大优势类群，共包括624个克隆，其次为未知细菌种群和 Flavisolibacter。比较转基因和非转基因棉花根际土壤细菌的种群结构，结果显示，同一生育期内前者种群的多样性显著低于后者，二者的共有类群随着生长发育的进行而增多。研究结果说明几丁质酶基因和葡聚糖酶基因对棉花根际细菌种群多样性有着不同程度的削减作用，但是随着种植时间的延长，该差异呈现逐渐缩小的趋势。%The transgenic cotton expressing chitinase and glucanase genes was studied using nontransgenic cotton as a control. Specifically, the effects of exogenous genes on bacterial community diversity in rhizospheres of cotton at stages of seedling, budding, boll forming and boll opening were evaluated through comparing the number of cultiva-ble bacteria and analyzing 16S rRNA gene clone libraries. The results showed that the number of cultivable bacteria was not affected by exogenous genes but the cotton growth period, and the number peaked at the stage of boll forming with vigorous metabolism. The 16S rRNA gene clone library prepared from soil bacteria in rhizospheres of transgenic and nontransgenic cotton at different stages contained 2400 clones which covered 283 genera. Among them,Acido-bacterium was the most dominant group which contained 642 clones, followed by unclassified bacterium and Flavisolibacter. Compared with nontransgenic cotton, the rhizosphere bacterial diversity of transgenic cotton exhib-ited lower level at the same growth stage, however, their common bacterial communities increased with growth and development. Our results suggest that chitinase and glucanase genes decrease the rhizosphere bacterial diversity at distinct degrees, however, the difference of bacterial diversity between transgenic and nontransgenic cotton reduces gradually with the extension of cultivation period.
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