The core driving force of urban development is the growth of population,while the spatial-temporal structure of the distribution of urban population is one of the theoretical frontier issues. Taking Shanxi Province as an example,we described the growth rates of population in 1982-1985,1985-1991,1991-1995,1995-2000, 2000-2005,2005-2010 as the research target. Based on ESDA technology,we analyzed spatial pattern of the province’s population,in order to reveal the evolution of population distribution in Shanxi Province since reform and opening up. Some conclusions were drawn as follows. Before 2005,there was significant spatial relevance on population distribution in Shanxi. People gathered to the south western region counties,making it become a high-high area,and the growth rate of population formed a low-low area in central and eastern regions. And this trend was receding as time goes by. The spatial relation of each county in 2005-2010 showed the tendency of random distribution.%以山西省县域为研究单元，选取1982-1985，1985-1991，1991-1995，1995-2000，2000-2005和2005-2010年6个时段年均人口增长率作为研究指标，采用ESDA方法，对全省人口分布空间变化格局进行研究，以揭示改革开放以来山西省人口分布演化的规律.结果表明，2005年以前山西省人口分布呈现明显的空间集聚，县域单元在西部偏南地区形成人口增长率高的空间集聚分布，而在中东部地区形成了人口增长率低的空间集聚分布.2005-2010年这种空间集聚程度正在不断降低，各县域的空间关系呈现随机分布的趋势.
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