历史建筑三维激光扫描建模方法研究

摘要

Digital preservation of excellent history building has become an influence-profound sociality problem. A real 3D digital method for Large-Scale history building was proposed using 3D laser scanners and total station taking Wenyuan building as an example. Firstly,the building are separated into many station which are scanned separately in order to get the points cloud of every station,at the same time,the targets coordinate of every station are obtained with laser scanner and total station respectively. Secondly,we convert the points cloud of every station with conversion program developed by Matlab so that the data are under the unitive reference frame with the collected homonymy targets,meanwhile analyze the precision of conversion model. Finally,the points cloud which have been registered are meshed in order to build real 3D digital history building model. The results show that this method is fast,efficient,and the prospective model have high precision. The eventual real 3D model preserves the detail features of building.%　　优秀历史建筑数字化保护已经成为影响广泛的社会性问题。以同济大学文远楼为例，提出了一种以三维激光扫描仪和全站仪为主要数据获取手段的针对大型历史建筑数字化工程方法。首先对目标体进行分站扫描，获得点云数据，同时使用扫描仪和全站仪采集每站靶标数据；然后，利用Matlab编程实现转换算法，根据采集的同名点靶标数据进行配准计算，将每站点云数据转换到统一的坐标系下，并对转换模型精度进行分析；最后将完全配准的点云数据网格化并修饰处理，建立真三维的历史建筑数字化模型。实验结果表明，采用的建模方法快捷、有效，配准模型精度较高，最终建立的三维模型真实，保留了其细部的特征。