土壤有机质是土壤的重要组成部分，它包括土壤中各种动物、植物残体，微生物体及其分解和合成的各种有机物质，即由生命体和非生命体两大部分有机物质组成。它是植物和微生物生命活动所需养分和能量的源泉。以碳酸盐黑钙土为例，通过30多年来土壤有机质含量数据对比，从土壤有机质的下降对土壤的影响、土壤有机质的补充与调节等方面阐述土壤有机质的缺失对土壤及农业生产的影响，从而警醒人们对土壤有机质含量下降的重视，科学合理地补充和调节土壤有机质，以保护人们赖以生存的土壤。%Soil organic matter is an important part of the soil ,it includes a variety of residues animal and plant , microbial biomass and various organic substances of decomposition and synthesis ,which includes life matter and non-life matter ,it is a source of nutrient and energy required for life activity of plant and microorganism .Taking carbonate chernozem as an example ,the data of soil organic matter content of 30 years was compared ,the effect of lacking of soil organic matter on soil and agricultural production were expatiated by the effect of the decline of soil organic matter on the soil ,soil organic matter supplement and regulation ,which alerted us to pay more attention to the decline of soil organic matter content ,the scientific and rational way should be used to supple-ment and adjust the soil organic matter and protect our survival soil .
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