目的 探讨降低早产儿死亡率的方法.方法 回顾分析456例孕妇早产的原因和510例围生儿的结局.结果 胎膜早破和多胎妊娠是引起早产的主要因素,重度妊高征、前置胎盘、胎盘早剥和妊娠合并心脏病是引起医源性早产的最常见原因.在有规律产前检查的早产病例中,新生儿的死亡率明显降低.临产前应用地塞米松肌注或静注,产后加强新生儿护理,可降低早产儿的并发症和死亡率.结论 早产是新生儿发病和死亡的主要原因,肺透明膜病、窒息和颅内出血是早产儿死亡的主要原因,早产不是剖宫产的禁忌证,对于不可避免的医源性早产,规律的产前检查和适当的诊治能够取得良好的妊娠结局.%Objective To investigate how to reduce morbidity and mortality of premature infants. Methods Premature reasons of 456 cases of pregnant women were analyzed retrospectively, and pregnant results of 510 cases of premature infant were studied. Results Premature rupture of membrane and multiple pregnancy were the main risk factors of preterm labor. The most common causes of iatrogenic preterm labor were severe pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome, placenta praevia, placental abruption and pregnancy with cardiovascular disease. The neonatal mortality was lowered in the cases with antenatal care. The complications and the mortality of the premature infants were reduced if glucocorticoids (dexamethasone) could be used intramuscular injection or intravenous injection before delivery and intensive care after birth would be taken. Conclusion Premature is the main cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality, pulmonary hyaline membrane disease, asphyxia and intracranial hemorrhage are the main causes of neonatal death. Preterm labor is not the contraindication of caesarean section. Antenatal care and proper treatment may get a better pregnant result in the inevitable iatrogenic preterm delivery.
展开▼
