Objective To explore the pathological relationship between expression of ALK, K-ras protein and non-small cell lung cancer. Methods One hundred and twenty patients with non-small cell lung cancer were enrolled. The expression of ALK, K-ras protein was tested by immunohistochemical method of polymer, EUvison. The relationship between positive expression and pathological features for ALK, K-ras expression were analyzed. Results Of the 120 cas-es, 17 were ALK positive (14.17%). The ALK were located in the cytoplasm of tumor cells, a few were located in cyto-membrane. 66 cases were found with K-ras positive (55.00%). The K-ras were located in the cytoplasm of tumor cells and cytomembrane. The expression of ALK and K-ras showed significant difference in smoking history, pathological pattern, degrees of differentiation (P<0.05). The positive expression rate of ALK protein was lower in patients with smoking his-tory than those without history of smoking, in squamous cell carcinoma than adenocarcinoma, in highly and moderate-ly differentiated carcinoma than poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma (P<0.05). The positive expression rate of K-ras was higher in patients with smoking history than those without history of smoking, in adenocarcinoma than squamous cell carcinoma, in highly and moderately differentiated carcinoma than poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma (P<0.05). Conclusion The expression of ALK, K-ras protein has a close relationship with history of smoking, pathologi-cal features and tumor differentiation degree.%目的：探讨ALK、K-ras蛋白表达与非小细胞肺癌的病理关系。方法分别采用免疫组织化学放大聚合物法、EUvison法检测120例NSCLC患者手术切除石蜡标本中ALK、K-ras蛋白的表达情况，分析ALK和K-ras蛋白的阳性表达与病理指标之间的关系。结果本研究中120例患者ALK蛋白阳性表达17例(14.17%)， ALK蛋白主要位于肿瘤细胞的细胞浆内，少数位于细胞膜上；K-ras蛋白阳性表达66例(55.00%)，K-ras蛋白广泛分布于肿瘤细胞的细胞浆内和细胞膜上；ALK和K-ras蛋白均在抽烟史、病理类型和分化程度分布上差异有统计学意义：ALK蛋白在有抽烟史的患者中阳性表达率显著低于无抽烟史者，在腺癌中阳性表达率显著高于鳞癌，在高~中分化癌中阳性表达率显著低于低分化癌，差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)；K-ras蛋白在有抽烟史的患者中阳性表达率显著高于无抽烟史者，在腺癌中阳性表达率显著高于鳞癌，在高~中分化癌中阳性表达率显著高于低分化癌，差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 ALK和K-ras蛋白的表达与NSCLC患者是否有抽烟史、临床病理类型以及肿瘤分化程度有紧密联系。
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