珠海市无偿献血人群HIV感染状况分析

摘要

目的：分析近年来珠海市无偿献血人群HIV感染状况，为更好地开展无偿献血招募工作，确保血液安全提供科学依据。方法2009年1月至2012年12月经ELISA筛查珠海市无偿献血者标本93216份，其中HIV Ag/Ab阳性标本149份，经珠海市疾病预防控制中心采用免疫印迹法做确证试验，收集和整理确证为HIV感染者的基本信息，对HIV感染率和HIV感染人群特征进行分析。结果2009-2012年珠海市无偿献血者的HIV感染率为0.020%(19/93216)。HIV感染者中男性占94.74%(18/19)，明显高于女性的5.26%(1/19)；以未婚为主，占84.21%(16/19)；18~39岁年龄段高达94.74%(18/19)；外地户籍占78.95%(15/19)；高中或中专以下文化程度占73.98%(14/19)；职业呈散在分布；所有HIV感染者均通过性途径传播，其中异性传播占52.63%(10/19)，略高于同性传播的47.37%(9/19)。结论近几年珠海市无偿献血人群中HIV感染率与1998-2005年相比呈明显增长态势，应加强献血者血液安全宣传教育，建立高危献血者主动退出机制，从而有效遏制献血者HIV感染率上升的趋势。%Objective To analyze the HIV infection situation among the voluntary blood donors in Zhuhai in recent years so as to better carry out the recruitment program for voluntary blood donation and provide scientific basis for blood safety. Methods Among 93 216 samples from voluntary blood donors from Jan. 2009 to Dec. 2012 in Zhu-hai, 149 HIV Ag/Ab positive samples through the HIV ELISA screening test were sent to Zhuhai CDC for confirmato-ry test using Western blot. The basic information of those confirmed HIV infectors were collected and sorted out, to make analysis on the HIV infection rate and the features of those infectors. Results The HIV infection rate for the voluntary blood donors in Zhuhai from 2009 to 2012 was 0.020%(19/93 216). Among the HIV infectors, male donors accounted for 94.74% (18/19), significantly higher than female donors at 5.26% (1/19). Most infectors were unmar-ried, reaching 84.21% (16/19); 94.74% (18/19) of the infectors aged 18~39 years old, and 78.95% (15/19) infectors were not local residents. Those with high school or technical secondary school degrees and below constituted 73.98%(14/19). The infectors tent to have varied occupations. All the infections were found to be sexually transmitted. Hetero-sexual sexual transmission rate was 52.63% (10/19), a little higher than homosexual sexual transmission rate of 47.37%(9/19). Conclusion The HIV infection rate among voluntary blood donors in Zhuhai has witnessed an obvi-ous increase over recent years as compared with the rates from 1998 to 2005. Educational efforts to blood donors on blood safety should be strengthened and a voluntary withdrawal mechanism for those high-risk blood donors should be established so as to effectively contain the increasing HIV infection tendency for blood donors.