三亚市居民心理健康的影响因素调查分析

摘要

目的：了解三亚市居民心理健康的影响因素，为当地卫生部门及其他类似情况的地区更好地开展心理健康干预项目和提高人群心理健康水平提供依据。方法采用横断面研究方法对三亚市三个区(海棠湾、荔枝沟和河东河西区)498位居民的心理健康状况进行问卷调查。结果被调查的498名居民中有30名心理健康状况差，占调查总人数的6.02%。三亚市居民的SCL-90总分低于全国常模(F=9.20，P=0.000)，躯体化、强迫症状、抑郁、焦虑、精神病性项均比全国常模高(P<0.01)，恐怖及偏执则比全国常模低(P<0.01)；家族三代中有心理疾病患者的居民心理健康状况较没有心理疾病的居民差(F=20.197，P=0.000)，且家族三代有心理疾病的居民SCL-90各因子得分均高于没有心理疾病患者的居民(P=0.000)。相关分析结果显示幸福总分与SCL-90总分显负相关关系(r=0.519，P=0.000)，与心理卫生知识得分差异无统计学意义(r=0.011，P>0.05)。多重线性回归分析显示，进入回归方程因素有幸福总分、家族三代有无心理疾病、自我感觉健康状况、生活是否单调和心理卫生知识得分，根据标准回归系数的大小，作用最大的因素为幸福总分(β=0.460)，其次为自我感觉健康状况(β=0.149)和家族三代有无患心理疾病(β=0.114)。结论三亚市居民心理健康不容乐观，心理健康影响因素有自身因素、遗传因素，应针对其影响采取必要的措施给予他们一定的心理知识普及，促进其心身健康。%Objective To analyze the influence factors for mental health of residents in Sanya, so as to pro-vide a basis for local health departments and other in regions with similar situation to better carry out mental health in-tervention program and to improve the mental health level of people. Methods Cross-sectional study was used to sur-vey the mental health of 498 residents in three areas of Sanya (Haitang Bay, Litchi ditch and Hedong Hexi District). Results Thirty of 498 residents surveyed were in poor mental health status, accounting for 6.02%of the total num-ber. The SCL-90 total score for citizens in Sanya was significantly lower than the national norm (F=9.20, P=0.000), while somatization, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, depression, anxiety and psychosis were significantly higher than the norm (P<0.01), with terror and paranoia significantly lower (P<0.01). The mental health status of residents with fami-ly history of mental disorders in three generations was significantly worse than the residents without family history of mental disorders in three generations (F=20.197, P=0.000), with the SCL-90 scores significantly higher (P=0.000). Cor-relation analysis showed that happiness score was negatively correlated with total score of SCL-90 (r=0.519, P=0.000), with no significant correlation to psychological health knowledge score (r=0.011, P>0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that 5 factors entered the regression equation, which were happiness scores, family history of mental dis-orders in three generations, self-sense of health status, life is monotonous or not, and mental health knowledge score. Ac-cording to the size of the standard regression coefficient, the largest factor was happiness score (β=0.460), followed by self-sense of health status (β=0.149). Conclusion Mental health of Sanya residents is not optimistic, and the influence factors of mental health include self-factors and genetic factors. Necessary measures should be taken to popularize psy-chological knowledge in order to promote physical and mental health of the residents.