目的：探讨木质家具企业噪声对木工的听力损害状况，为制定职业危害防护规范提供依据。方法实地测定12个家具厂的每个岗位的噪声声压级，选择633名噪声环境作业工人为调查组，同时选择140名无噪声环境工作人员为对照组，排除非噪声性听力损失者。调查研究对象的健康状况，进行纯音听阈测试，收集其职业健康检查资料，按其不同工龄和年龄进行分组比较分析。结果测定132个作业岗位的噪声声压级，其中合格率为49.24%(65/132)，噪声声压级超标的作业点主要集中在电锯、刨床、钻床等工作岗位。调查组中，排除37名非噪声性听力损失者，排除251名非噪声环境作业工人，其余345名噪声作业人员中，听力损失首先发生在高频段，继而语频段受累。轻度高频听力损失93名(26.96%)，噪声岗位观察对象18名(5.22%)，轻度噪声性听力损失2名(0.58%)，中度噪声性听力损失1名(0.29%)；对照组中，轻度高频听力损失11名(7.86%)，噪声岗位观察对象4名(2.86%)。调查组轻度高频听力损失及噪声岗位观察对象的检出率均明显高于对照组(P<0.05)；调查组中不同年龄、工龄以及工种间听力损失检出率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论噪声作业人员高频听力损失发生率明显高于非噪声接触者。随着作业人员的年龄、工龄增长以及接触噪声声压级的提高，噪声性听力损失逐渐加重，应结合岗位进行重点防护。%Objective To explore the status of hearing impairment caused by noise in wood furniture indus-try, and to provide the basis for protection against occupational hazards to develop specifications. Methods The workplace noise intensity in various positions of 12 furniture factories was measured. A total of 633 workers exposed to noise environment were selected for the investigation group, and 140 workers in noiseless environment were select-ed as the control group, excluding the non-noise-induced hearing loss and un-noisy environment workers. The health status and pure tone audiometry of workers were examined, and information on occupational health checks was col-lected. A comparative analysis between the different length of service and age group was conducted. Results Noise intensity of 132 job positions was measured, and the qualified rate was 49.24%(65/132). The operating point of exces-sive noise intensity focused on saws, planer, drill press, sanding, and painting. Thirty-seven workers with non-noise-in-duced hearing loss and 251 un-noisy environment workers were excluded in investigation group, and the remaining 345 workers were included. The hearing loss occurred in the high frequency band firstly, then language band involve-ment. In the investigation group, there were 93 workers of mild high-frequency hearing loss (26.96%), 18 workers as noise observed objects (5.22%), 2 workers of mild noise-induced hearing loss (0.58%), and 1 worker of moderate noise-induced hearing loss (0.29%). In the control group, there were 11 workers of mild high-frequency hearing loss (7.86%), 4 workers as noise observed objects (2.86%). The detection rates of mild high-frequency hearing loss and noise observed objects in investigation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The detection rate of hearing loss showed statistically significant differences in different ages, length of service and profes-sion (P<0.05). Conclusion The high-frequency hearing loss in noise exposed workers is significantly higher than those of non-noise exposed workers. The noise-induced hearing loss is increased gradually with age, length of service, and the strength of noise exposure. The focused protection should be combined with occupation.
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