The chromosome karyotype of guinea fowl and chicken was analyzed and compared to probe the cytogenetics characteristics of guinea fowl chromosome. The results showed that: 1) The sex chromosomes of male guinea fowl and chicken were homozygote (ZZ) , the relative length of Z chromosome with metacentric was(9. 31±0. 50)%~(9. 84 ± 0. 85)% and between No. 4 and No. 5 chromosome. The sex chromosomes of female guinea fowl and chicken were heterozygote (ZW) and the size and type of Z chromosome was the same as male guinea fowl and chicken. The relative length of W chromosome with metacentric of female guinea fowl was(4. 19±0. 23)% and between No. 7 and No. 8 chromosome. The relative length of W chromosome with melacenlric of female chicken was (4. 12 + 0. 23)% and between No. 8 and No. 9 chromosome; 2) There was no significant difference in the relative length of the first ten pairs of chromosomes between guinea fowl and chicken but there was some difference in chromosome morphology of No. 2 and No. 5 chromosome. No. 2 and No. 5 chromosome of chicken and guinea fowl was metacentric and telocentric, and submetacentric and metacentric respectively. The centromere site of other chromosomes of guinea fowl and chicken was the same. In conclusion: There is some difference in chromosome karyotype between guinea fowl and chicken.%为了探索珍珠鸡染色体的细胞遗传学特征,以珍珠鸡和贵州黄家鸡为研究对象,采用骨髓法和外周血淋巴细胞培养法分别制备珍珠鸡和家鸡的染色体标本并对其染色体核型进行分析.结果表明:1)两种雄性鸡均为同型染色体(ZZ),Z染色体的相对长度为(9.31±0.50)％～(9.84±0.85)％,介于4号与5号染色体间,为中着丝粒染色体；两种雌性鸡均为异型染色体(ZW),Z染色体的大小、类型均与雄性鸡相同,珍珠鸡的W染色体相对长度较长,为(4.19±0.23)％,介于7号与8号染色体间,家鸡的W染色体相对长度为(4.12±0.23)％,介于8和9号染色体间,两者的W染色体均为中着丝粒.2)家鸡与珍珠鸡前10对染色体的相对长度差异不大,但染色体形态存在一定差异,主要集中在2号和5号染色体上,家鸡的2号和5号染色体为中着丝粒和端着丝粒,珍珠鸡对应的染色体分别为亚中着丝粒和中着丝粒,其余染色体的着丝粒位置相同.结论:属于珍珠鸡科的珍珠鸡与家鸡的染色体核型存在一定差异.
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