Objective To investigate bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells distribution in organ transplant recipient with different cell administration routes. Methods Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) with enhanced green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression were isolated from transgenic mice. Cervical heart transplantation were established using C57 mice as both recipient and donor, which were randomly divided into two groups. In Group A, all the recipients were injected with 30 μL cell suspension containing 1*106 BMSCs through heart graft ascending aorta immediately after heart transplantation. In Group B, the same dose cell suspension were injected through heart graft right ventricle cavity at the same time point. The animals were sacrificed on Day 1, 3, 7, and 14 after surgery; and the liver, lung and heart graft were harvested for cells survival detection through histological examination. Results Twenty-four cases of cervical heart transplantation were performed without death. All the animals tolerated well after stem cells injection. In Group A, the eGFP+ cells were detected in heart graft and lung except for the liver on Day 1. More eGFP+ cells were revealed in Group A than Group B in the heart grafts, while with less eGFP+ cells in the lungsm on Day 1. On Day 3, the eGFP+ cells in both group were reduced compared to Day 1 in the heart grafts and lungs. More eGFP+ cells were revealed in Group A than Group B in the heart grafts, while less eGFP+ cells in the lungs on Day 3. And On Day 3, eGFP+ cells were detected in the livers. On Day 7, no eGFP+ cell was detected in the heart grafts, lungs and the livers in both group, except for the heart grafts in Group A. On Day 14, no eGFP+ cell was detected in all the tissues in both group. Conclusion Administration of BMSCs through graft arterial injection can lead to more cells accumulation in the transplanted organs and longer cells survival compare to venous injection. More cells are trapped in the lung after venous injection.%目的 探讨不同途径注射骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)后细胞在器官移植受体内的分布和存活规律.方法 体外扩增培养绿色荧光转基因C57小鼠BMSCs(eGFP-BMSCs),使用C57小鼠作为供体和受体,建立颈部心脏移植模型,随机分为两组,A组在移植后即经过移植心脏升主动脉注射eGFP-BMSCs悬液30μL(含1×106个细胞),B组同样时间点经过移植心脏右心室腔内注射相同剂量细胞,分别在细胞移植后1、3、7、14 d不同时间点处死小鼠,切取肝、肺以及心脏移植物,进行组织学检查观察细胞在各器官中的存活情况.结果 共进行颈部心脏移植24例,手术均获得成功,无手术死亡.注射干细胞后小鼠耐受良好.(1)干细胞移植后第1天,A组和B组绿色荧光细胞主要分布于心脏移植物和肺,肝脏内未发现绿色荧光细胞,A组心脏移植物内的荧光细胞数明显多于B组,肺内的细胞明显少于B组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).(2)术后3 d,两组心脏移植物内的绿色荧光细胞对比术后第1天均减少,但A组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),B组差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);两组肺内的绿色荧光细胞对比术后第1天减少,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01);A、B组间比较,A组心脏移植物内的绿色荧光细胞数多于B组,肺内绿色荧光细胞数少于B组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).术后第3天,肝脏内可见绿色荧光细胞.(3)移植术后第7天,仅A组的心脏移植物内有荧光细胞存在,A组的肺组织和肝脏以及B组的心脏移植物、肝脏和肺内均未见绿色荧光细胞.(4)移植术后第14天,A组和B组心脏移植物、肺和肝脏均未见细胞存活的迹象.结论 移植器官动脉注射较静脉注射BMSCs,能使更多的干细胞聚集于移植器官内,存活时间更久,而静脉途径注射干细胞后细胞大量的聚集在肺内.
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