玛曲人工草地群落特征及多样性分析研究

摘要

The paper studied the community characteristics of sown grassland (oats with one year,Elymus with two years),natural rangeland and abandoned cropands,The results showed that the dominant species in the natural rangeland were Poa pretensis 、Elymus dahuricus ,the dominace index were 0.798 and 0.627 respective-ly.The weeds in oats land were Elsholtzia ciliate ,Galium verum and Microula sikkimensis ,the dominace index were 0.204,0.142,0.082,respectively.In the Elymus land with two years,the proportion of weeds biomass ac-counted for more than 6% of the total biomass of the vegetation community,the weeds must be controlled prop-erly.In the abandoned land,the aboveground biomass were reduced from 839g/m2 to 62 g/m2 ,and the produc-tion capacity was low.The abandoned land must be fenced for protection.There was a significant correlation be-tween the plant diversity index and evenness index(P <0.01),there was positive correlation between the plant diversity index and plant species richness(P <0.05 ),there was a significant correlation between plant species richness and evenness index(P <0.01).%通过对玛曲人工草地(一年生燕麦地、两年披碱草地)、天然草地和撂荒地的群落特征分析比较,结果表明：天然草地的群落中优势种为早熟禾(Poa pretensis )、披碱草(Elymus dahuricus ),优势度分别为0.798、0.627；一年生燕麦地的杂草主要有香薷(Elsholtzia ciliate )、蓬子菜(Galium verum )、微孔草(Microula sikkimensis ),优势度从大到小依次为：0.204,0.142和0.082；两年生披碱草地中,披碱草也处于优势地位,但杂草产量占群落总产量的6%以上,必须进行适当的除杂；撂荒地地上生物量从839 g/m2降为62 g/m2,生产能力降低,因此必须进行封育；分析表明,物种的多样性指数与物种均匀度指数呈极显著正相关(P <0.01),与丰富度指数呈显著正相关(P <0.05),丰富度指数与均匀度指数呈极显著正相关(P <0.01)。