长白山天池火山泥石流展布特征及其灾害研究

摘要

长白山天池火山是我国最具灾害性喷发危险的活动火山,火山泥石流是最致命的火山灾害之一.本文根据距离火山口远近不同堆积物所展现的不同特征,基于野外实地调查的剖面,系统阐述了长白山天池火山千年大喷发形成的泥石流的物源、堆积方式及分布特征,探讨了火山泥石流的成因和灾害规模.通过对千年前火山爆发的分析,初步预测并划分了火山泥石流灾害的高、低危险区,并利用ERDAS软件对火山爆发造成的天池水下泻灾害(包括下泻的出水口及下泻流量)进行了预测,为本地区的防灾减灾提供科学依据.%The Tianchi in Changbai Mountains is an active volcano with the most disastrous eruption dangers in China.Its mudflow is one of the most deadly volcanic hazards.The provenance of mudflow formed by the eruption about 1000 years ago,accumulation mode and distribution characteristics,as well as the causes and scales of volcanic mudflow disaster,are systematically expounded on the basis of various deposits at different distances from the caldera,and the profiles by field survey.A preliminary prediction and division of high and low danger zones of volcanic mudflow disasters are made by analysis on the 1 ka volcanic eruption.The ERDAS software is used to predict the water rushing down disaster caused by volcanic eruption,including the outlet and water flow.This study provides a scientific basis for disaster prevention and mitigation in the region.