19世纪中叶到20世纪中叶盛行的地槽-地台学说,起源于西方学者对大西洋半球的欧洲和北美东部地质的研究.20世纪中叶提出的板块构造学说,虽然起源于对现代海洋的地质、地球物理调查,但用板块学说解释大陆构造的尝试,也是从解剖北美和欧洲大西洋两岸的古生代造山带开始的.二者均缺少太平洋半球的亚洲,特别是中国及邻区的资料基础,因此,其立论基础是不全面的.这就给亚洲,特别是给中国学者提供了很大的发展空间.通过1:500万国际亚洲地质图的编制和全球构造的对比研究,笔者发现,处于亚洲核心地带的中国及邻区不仅是亚洲也是全球显生宙地质结构和发展历史最复杂的地区.古亚洲洋构造域的乌拉尔—蒙古—兴安巨型造山带是全球规模最大、发育历史最长、地质结构最复杂的古生代造山带;中国西南部,特别是青藏高原是全球特提斯巨型造山带出露宽度最大、地质纪录保存最完整的地段;中国东部的太平洋构造域,既有亚洲东缘的巨型中生代造山带和新生代的沟弧盆体系,又有宽阔的滨太平洋陆缘活化带.这就使中国及邻区成为研究全球显生宙构造不可缺少的重要地段.我们一定要抓住中国在全球构造研究中的区位优势,以地球系统多层圈构造观为指导,用地质、地球物理、地球化学多学科结合的方法,立足实际,抓住特色,构建中国大地构造的新理论、新模型,为国际地球科学,为发展、完善现代大地构造学理论做出应有的贡献!%The geosyncline-platform theory prevalent from the middle decades of the 19th century to the middle of the 20th century was established on the basis of the research on the geology of Europe and eastern North America in the Atlantic hemisphere by western geoscientists.The theory of plate tectonics that originated in the 1 960s was grounded on geological and geophysical surveys of modem oceans.However,the earliest explanation for continental tectonics used by plate tectonics was based on the analysis of the Paleozoic orogenic belts of Europe and North America on both sides of the Atlantic.It is obvious that the tectonics theories and models based on the research results of Europe and North America are not comprehensive in that valuable geological data and information of Asia in the Pacific hemisphere,especially those of China and its adjacent areas,are not included.Through the compilation of the International Geological Map of Asia at a 1:5,000,000 scale (IGMA5000) and comparative studies of global tectonics,the authors have found that China and its adjacent areas situated in the center of Asia are the most complex region in geological structure and evolutionary processes during the Phanerozoic in Asia,even in the world.The Ural-Mongolia-Hinggan Paleozoic orogenic belt in the Paleo-Asian tectonic domain is the largest in scale,the longest in evolution history,and the most complicated in geological structure on the earth.Southwestern China,especially the Tibetan Plateau,has the biggest exposure width,and possesses the most complete geological records within the Tethyan orogenic belt on the globe.The Pacific domain of eastern China is characterized both by the East Asian margin Mesozoic orogenic belt and the West Pacific Cenozoic trench-arc-basin system,and by the wide marginal Pacific pericontinental reactivated zone.All of these characteristics make China and its adjacent areas the most necessary locality in carrying out the Phanerozoic tectonic research.We,Chinese geoscientists,must use to the best regional advantage of China in global tectonic research,with the multisphere tectonic view of earth system serving as a guide in studying the tectonics of China and make our contribution to the development of international geoscience and the improvement of modem tectonic theory.
展开▼
