农村最低生活保障制度的法治困境

摘要

The implementation of “the law of social relief”and the rule of law allover in China make the process of legalization of rural subsistence allowance more and more prominent. By study, there are three period of the legalization,which are no law period, the foundation period and the acceleration period. Although the related laws have been perfected gradually, the rural subsistence allowance are still facing problems in system design, application procedures, dynamic control and legal accountability.The author put forword the “R”coefficient to explain the discrepancy of security level of subsistence allowance between the rural and the urban, while longer values mean huger difference. To get out of thoese dilemma, there are 7 measures, which make up a comprehensive approach, needed to be carried out.%《社会救助暂行办法》的实施和“全面依法治国”战略的提出使得农村最低生活保障制度法治化问题日益突出。通过梳理，农村最低生活保障制度法治化进程主要包括法治保障空白期、法治建设奠基期和法治推进加速期三个阶段。当前，虽然相关法律不断健全，但农村低保仍面临着制度设计、申请程序、动态监管、惩罚问责等四个方面的法治困境，其中在分析制度设计法治困境时，引入了“低保户籍差异系数R”的概念，R 越大代表城市和农村低保标准差距越大。同时，为摆脱上述法治困境，探索提出了由构建统一居民最低生活保障制度、引入第三方、开展资产审核等7个方面措施组成的综合解决路径。